Answered By: Ann Roselle
Last Updated: Oct 31, 2024     Views: 31

Sometimes sources, especially webpages, will not have an identifiable author.  Fortunately, style manuals provide instructions on what to do in these cases!  Your full citation/reference will begin with the title.  Then, the in-text citation is written to match the first few words of that full citation/reference.  Below are examples from three popular style manuals.

MLA

Use the complete title in a single phrase or use a short form of the title in parentheses.  Titles of articles, such as webpages, are put in double quotation marks.  Titles of entire books and films are italicized.  

Example:  Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States ("Heart Disease Facts").

APA

Use the complete title in a single phrase or use a short form of the title in parentheses.  Titles are put in double quotation marks.  Include the publication year, if available.

Example:  Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States ("Heart Disease Facts," 2017).

CSE

Use the first word or first few words of the title, followed by an ellipsis.  Include the publication year, if available.

Example:  Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States (Heart . . . 2017).

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